اسباب ارتفاع ضغط الدم المفاجئ واعراضه ومضاعفاته وطرق علاجه

اسباب ارتفاع ضغط الدم المفاجئ واعراضه ومضاعفاته وطرق علاجه , مما لا شك فيه أن هذا الموضوع من أهم وأفضل الموضوعات التي يمكن أن أتحدث عنها اليوم، حيث أنه موضوع شيق ويتناول نقاط حيوية، تخص كل فرد في المجتمع، وأتمنى من الله عز وجل أن يوفقني في عرض جميع النقاط والعناصر التي تتعلق بهذا الموضوع.

What causes sudden high blood pressure? Some people have high blood pressure for years without noticing any symptoms, and uncontrolled high blood pressure increases the risk of serious health problems, such as heart attack and stroke. Over the course of many years, it may eventually appear in the person suddenly, and it is worth noting that it is very easy to detect high blood pressure, so it can be controlled, and its complications can be avoided, and in this article the question will be answered, as well as talking about blood pressure, symptoms Sudden high blood pressure, its treatment, types, and complications.

blood pressure

Blood pressure is the force that distributes blood in the human body through the circulatory system, as oxygen and nutrients do not enter the cells of the body without it, and it also includes white blood cells, antibodies, oxygen and hormones, in addition to that this pumped blood carries some of the substances that It results from metabolic processes in the body such as carbon dioxide and toxins that come out of the kidneys and liver, and blood pressure is usually high when it starts its way from the heart and begins to decline as it enters the small arteries, and blood pressure is affected in the arteries, and without the flexibility in the arterial walls, the pressure will decrease In turn, narrowing of the arteries can block the entry of blood, which results in many health problems such as stroke.[1]

Causes of sudden high blood pressure

Sudden hypertension is considered a crisis, and is represented by a sharp rise in upper blood pressure, which represents systolic blood pressure equal to 180 mm Hg or more, or hypotension, which represents diastolic blood pressure of 120 mm Hg or higher, and this condition is considered very dangerous and may It leads to many health complications and requires immediate medical treatment. Doctors divide high blood pressure into two types:[3]

Primary hypertension: Doctors have not identified a clear cause of primary hypertension, which usually develops over several years.
Secondary hypertension: Secondary hypertension usually appears suddenly and causes a rise in blood pressure more than primary hypertension, and this increase occurs suddenly due to problems with the kidneys, thyroid gland, sleep apnea, congenital defects in the blood vessels, or the use of types of Certain medications such as birth control pills, decongestants and pain relievers, and prescription drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines.

It should be noted that there are some factors that increase the risk of developing sudden high blood pressure, and they are as follows:

Age: As a person ages, the risk of developing high blood pressure increases. High blood pressure is a common symptom in men over 64 and women over 65.
Heredity: High blood pressure increases the likelihood of others developing it.
Obesity: The higher the body weight, the more oxygen a person calls for in the process of breathing, which requires an increase in the amount of blood that passes through the blood vessels, which in turn increases the pressure on the walls of the arteries.
Cigarette smoking: Cigarettes do not lead to sudden and temporary high blood pressure, but the chemicals in tobacco damage the lining of the arteries, which leads to narrowing of the arteries, and eating large amounts of table salt leads to fluid retention in the body, which leads to high blood pressure. the blood.
Potassium deficiency in the body: A deficiency of potassium in the body leads to the accumulation of sodium in the blood and high blood pressure.
Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and kidney disease, can cause high blood pressure.
Ethnicity: High blood pressure is more common in people of African descent and usually appears at a young age.
Inactivity: The heart rate increases in people who do not engage in physical activities, and the higher the heart rate, the more pressure on the heart to pump more blood, and thus the pressure increases.
Other factors: Other factors include alcoholism, and some health conditions such as pregnancy.

Sudden high blood pressure treatment

In people with sudden high blood pressure; That is, the pressure reading reaches or exceeds a value of 180/110 mm Hg, and the first therapeutic goal is to try to lower blood pressure quickly to avoid damage to major organs. Diagnosis; Diagnosis of pre-hypertension, or a certain stage of arterial hypertension, and not all people with arterial hypertension need drug treatments. Lifestyle modifications may be sufficient to maintain blood pressure levels within normal limits, including these changes include: :[3]

Exercising: Exercising regularly and avoiding lack of physical activity helps lower blood pressure, and doctors recommend doing physical activity at a rate of at least 150 minutes per week, such as walking.
Healthy eating: includes heart-healthy foods that reduce stress levels such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish and low-fat dairy products. It is important to get adequate amounts of potassium with the need to eat less saturated fats, and it is also important to reduce the amount of sodium in food less. From 2300 mg per day and the difficulty of determining the amount of salt in food, caution must be taken with the amount of sodium contained in canned and frozen foods.
Reducing stress and psychological tensions: by practicing deep breathing, meditation, or muscle relaxation while maintaining a healthy and ideal weight, in addition to quitting smoking and staying away from alcohol, and when high blood pressure is caused by a disease, the doctor may resort to drug treatments that include the following options:

Diuretics: Doctors usually prescribe thiazide diuretics as a first treatment option for high blood pressure, which is also known as water pills, and helps the kidneys get rid of water and sodium.
Calcium channel blockers: These medications relax the muscles in the blood vessels, thus lowering high blood pressure levels.
ACE inhibitors: These medications block a chemical that narrows blood vessels, causing the vessels to relax and blood pressure to return to normal levels.
Alpha blockers: These medications reduce the nerve impulse of the blood vessels, thus reducing the effect of chemicals that narrow the blood vessels, including; Doxazosin and bazosin.
Aldosterone inhibitors: The most notable are spironolactone and eplerenone, which inhibit the effect of fluid-producing substances, thus lowering blood pressure levels.

Symptoms of a sudden rise in blood pressure

A sudden increase in blood pressure can become a pathological condition, and blood pressure can be lowered immediately in the hospital to prevent acute heart attacks or nervous attacks, and if blood pressure exceeds (120/80) mm Hg for a long time, vital organs and functional systems in the body can be damaged. Gradually, therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the symptoms of a sudden rise in blood pressure to avoid health risks and damage. The most important symptoms that result from high blood pressure are the following:[2]

Headache, dizziness, constant feeling of nausea.
Severe pain in the back of the head and headache in the early morning due to the weight of the head at the base of the skull.
Feeling very tired, lethargic and lethargic all the time.
Ringing in the ears intermittently or permanently.
One of the symptoms associated with high pressure is sudden and permanent nosebleeds.
Muscle tremor and rapid increase in heart rate.
Vision is greatly affected when a person suffers from a sudden increase in pressure, and only vision is impaired and vessels or nerves in the retina can rupture, resulting in blindness.
Feeling of heavy weight in the body, difficulty controlling body organs, and feeling lethargic.
Shortness of breath, chest, and the victim may temporarily lose sensation in the legs or arms.
The heart muscle can tire, stop and become unable to function.
Swelling in the extremities, especially the lower extremities of the body.
Acute inflammation of the urinary tract, which leads to red-colored urine with a burning sensation during urination.
It can lead to stroke and severe brain hemorrhage.

Sudden high blood pressure complications

It is worth noting that high blood pressure leads to many complications if not treated, and among these potential complications of sudden high blood pressure are heart problems, blood vessels, eye problems, especially retinopathy caused by high blood pressure, where the structure of blood vessels changes, and leaks High blood pressure can cause a stroke when the blood vessels that supply the brain are affected by high blood flow in the arteries.[4]

Types of sudden high blood pressure

Urgent high blood pressure

It can be defined as high blood pressure that reaches 180/120 mm Hg or more without any other symptoms indicating organ damage, so the patient must wait until after the first reading taken for 5 minutes, then measure blood pressure again, If the high reading persists without any other symptoms, the blood pressure can be safely lowered within a few hours with antihypertensive medications, the health care provider can change or add medications to the patient, and the condition rarely requires hospitalization.[5][6]

emergency high blood pressure

Emergency hypertension, formerly known as pernicious hypertension, is defined as high blood pressure of 180/120 mm Hg or more with symptoms that suggest a problem in the body, such as bleeding in the brain, heart attack, fluid buildup in the lungs, or Aneurysm, other symptoms that may indicate organ damage are as follows:[5][6]

Changes in mental status such as restlessness or difficulty speaking.
shortness of breath.
Back pain.
Feeling of chest pain.
Loss of sensation or numbness.
vision change.
Bloating, where fluid builds up in body tissues and swells.

Instructions and warnings about sudden high blood pressure

Initially it is necessary to alert the emergency room immediately if any of the above symptoms appear, and not to wait for the blood pressure to drop on its own, and to diagnose high blood pressure urgently, the service provider will ask the patient about any medications the patient is taking, including medications Antihypertensives, and other non-prescription drugs, and it should be noted here that the patient must inform the patient about any nutritional supplements or herbs he is taking, in addition to regularly measuring blood pressure, and there is a need for many other tests such as: eye examination and tests Blood and urine After the diagnosis is confirmed, blood pressure should be lowered immediately by giving the patient intravenous antihypertensive drugs to prevent further organ damage. Intravenous drugs that may be used include: sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin.

Once the patient’s condition is stable, several tests can be performed to ensure that there are no serious lesions or bleeding, and these tests include ultrasound, CT scan, and magnetic resonance imaging, and when it is decided to discharge the patient from the hospital, the doctor can prescribe medications to lower blood pressure taking care not to miss Any dose of medication, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and following your doctor’s advice as well as treating any problems may increase your risk of emergency high blood pressure.[2][6]

Different readings of blood pressure

It is important to know the meaning of the different blood pressure readings to know the normal values, which requires a visit to the doctor to evaluate the condition, and with reference to the American Heart Association, blood pressure is divided as follows:[7]

Normal: In this category blood pressure less than 120/80 mm Hg is included, and owners of this category are advised to continue their healthy eating habits such as a balanced diet and exercise.
High: This category includes systolic blood pressure readings between 120 and 129 mm Hg, with the diastolic pressure remaining less than 80 mm Hg, and owners of this category are at risk of developing high blood pressure if precautions are not taken to prevent it.
Stage I hypertension: In this category, systolic blood pressure ranges between 130 and 139 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89 mm Hg. Doctors advise patients to modify their lifestyle in addition to the possibility of prescribing an antihypertensive drug.
Stage 2 high blood pressure: In this category, the systolic blood pressure is 140 mm Hg or more, or the diastolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg or more, and it is recommended to follow healthy lifestyle changes, and the doctor prescribes more than one drug to control this condition.

Finally, in this article, the question will be answered, what are the causes of sudden high blood pressure? The discussion about blood pressure, symptoms of sudden high blood pressure, its treatment, types, complications, different readings of blood pressure, and the most important instructions and precautions will be addressed. About sudden high blood pressure

the reviewer

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medicalnewstoday.com , What is a normal blood pressure? , 12/13/2020

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who.int , Hypertension , 12/13/2020

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mayoclinic.org , High blood pressure (hypertension) , 12/13/2020

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verywellhealth.com , Health Complications of Hypertension , 12/13/2020

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heart.org , Hypertensive Crisis: When You Should Call 911 for High Blood Pressure , 12/13/2020

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webmd.com , High Blood Pressure and Hypertensive Crisis , 12/13/2020

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heart.org , Understanding Blood Pressure Readings , 12/13/2020

خاتمة لموضوعنا اسباب ارتفاع ضغط الدم المفاجئ واعراضه ومضاعفاته وطرق علاجه ,وفي نهاية الموضوع، أتمنى من الله تعالى أن أكون قد استطعت توضيح كافة الجوانب التي تتعلق بهذا الموضوع، وأن أكون قدمت معلومات مفيدة وقيمة.